The specialty of oral and maxillofacial surgery is one of the important specialties in dentistry, it is the anatomical surgical treatment of the mouth, jaw, face and skull regions, as well as the associated structures.

This specialization, like other dental specialties, has a leap in terms of the development of techniques used in treatment, which enabled giving solutions and results for many intractable problems. The specialty of oral and maxillofacial surgery is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of all diseases that include the maxillofacial, in addition to diseases of the teeth and the oral cavity.

Oral and maxillofacial surgery falls under two main frameworks:
First: minor surgeries
It includes all the surgeries that are performed in the clinic under local anesthesia and include:
- Simple tooth extraction.
- Extraction of complex teeth (rundown teeth) and molars buried in the jawbones.
- Surgical removal of wisdom teeth that are partially or completely buried.
- Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the partially apparent wisdom tooth.
- Untreatable caries.
- Lesions and cysts form around wisdom teeth.
- Examination of teeth buried in the jawbones in the course of orthodontic treatment.
- Removal of odontogenic cysts.
- Pre-reparative surgeries.
- Dental implants and the accompanying artificial bone implants and maxillary sinus lift operations.
- Diagnosis and treatment of all oral lesions.

Minor infections caused by the teeth may turn into an abscess that moves between the tissues spaces and may threaten the patient's life if it spreads around the trachea, leading to breathing and swallowing difficulty .
Such abscesses are treated surgically with antibiotics, as well as by the drainage of the pus accumulated in the area. Therefore, all infections must be dealt with caution, and professional medical advice must be taken to treat the inflammation and remove the cause.



Second: major surgeries
Fractures of the facial structure:
Road accidents are one of the most common causes of face and jaws bones fractures, followed by falls accidents. These fractures usually cause deformation of the facial bones if they are not treated with the appropriate time and method. It also sometimes causes functional impairments, as in the case in mandibular joint fractures, as this type of fracture is usually treated under general anesthesia and using metal plates.

Orthognathic surgery:
An imbalance in the growth of one of the jaws leads to aesthetic problems represented in the emergence or retraction of one of the jaws, or functional problems such as a disorder in the movement of the jaw and the chewing process.
In this case, the patient's condition is analyzed by taking measurements, making templates using computer programs to analyze the position of the jaw, then reaching a final diagnosis of the condition and planning to surgically adjust the position of the jaw and place the teeth in cooperation with orthodontists.
The surgery may include modifying one jaw or both jaws under general anesthesia. All steps and expected problems of the surgery are explained to the patient before it is performed.

Jaw joint surgery:
Some patients complain of jaw joint pain or the presence of strange sounds during the opening and closing of the mouth, and this may be due to many reasons, including what is related to the bones of the joint or the cartilage between it or the surrounding tissues and bones.

Some cases are treated with conservative treatment such as exercises and warm compresses, other cases may require surgical intervention to solve the problem of the joint, the cleft lip, deformities of the roof of the throat, and congenital syndromes. These deformities often occur due to genetic causes and their treatment requires a series of surgical interventions in a sequence that extends from birth to adulthood.

Removal of benign and malignant tumors in the maxillofacial area:
Oral and maxillofacial tumors are considered one of the most dangerous tumors whose treatment requires early surgical intervention to remove the tumor and avoid its spreading to the neck and brain. Furthermore, some tumors need restoration operations for the lost tissues.


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